How to write an essay about music: Useful tips from a professional composer

Writing an essay about music can be a real challenge for many students. Some struggle with technical terms, such as tempo, rhythm, time or key signatures, clefs and ties between notes. Others just need to describe how the music sounds but it also proves harder than they might initially think.

This article by Greg Wells is for all the learners who don’t know what to write in their papers about music of any genre or era. Read on to find out how to describe the melodies you hear and analyze them in a meaningful way.

How to describe instrumental music

Each music essay starts with you listening to the piece and analyzing the way it sounds without any terminology. So, how to make the most of this stage? For starters, you need to jot down the adjectives that come to your mind. Is the piece melodic or dissonant, does it go from fast to slow or vice versa, or, perhaps, the tempo stays the same throughout it? Once you’ve figured out these basics, you’ll need to listen to the piece you’re analyzing the second time and pick up more details.

Specifically, analyze how instruments and vocals (if there are any) work together to create harmony. To do this, you’ll need to single out the most catchy and prominent riffs and describe them. For example, the singer’s soft voice might contrast with sharp and intense electric guitar sounds, ending up as an unforgettable mix. In short, keep your ear out for something that’s memorable and remarkable about the song you’re analyzing.

Of course, all the steps mentioned above work better if you keep track of “technical” aspects. Try finding the score for the music you’re writing about and pay attention to the time signature and tempo. Think about the genre of your piece and ask yourself why the composer chose those parameters. For example, marches usually have a 4/4 time signature while waltzes go with 3/4, but it’s not uncommon to write lullabies in that signature as well. Think about what would change if you hummed this song faster or slower, try it out if you have a chance. That way, you’ll be able to understand and describe it far better.

How to describe vocals

Not every essay on music obligates students to describe singing, but it’s an important part of many musical pieces. Here’s some advice on how to understand what to write about.

Start by describing what you hear. You should determine if the vocals are high-pitched or low and how many singers there are? Is this a solo, a duet, or a choir? If it’s a modern song, are there any backing singers? Do the voices sound harmonious or dissonant? What vocal ranges do they have? Answering these questions is a great start.
Continue by analyzing the intonation of singers. Essentially, musical intonation is about pitch accuracy and, in some cases, the way in which musicians choose to interpret the piece. Do all notes sound in tune with the backing track or accompaniment? If it’s a cover of a popular song, which parts are different from the original in terms of pitch? Is it higher or lower? Ask such questions to get materials for your future essay.
End with a brief description of the melody and how it’s written. At the end of your description, you can mention that the specific parts of the song could be difficult for the singer because of their range or the way this melody is designed. Look for information from musical critics to determine which parts are the trickiest and analyze the way they’re performed.

Analyzing musicality: The basic things you might’ve missed

It’s clear why people ask, “What is music essay anyway?” We don’t usually think about songs as something we can analyze and discuss the way we discuss books and movies. However, music conjures images and tells stories in a similar way to other media, so here are some questions you can ask to get more insights.

What is the main emotion of the musical piece? Normally, loud bases make songs heavier on our ears while gentle, higher notes give them soothing qualities. However, that doesn’t necessarily determine the emotions you’ll feel when listening to them.. Remember the eerie melodies of ancient music boxes from horror films. Although they’re high-pitched and theoretically pleasant, they give most people shivers. On the other hand, a rock melody can sound happy and not aggressive at all, despite big basses.

In which life situation would you listen to this song? Some musical pieces are tied to specific occasions, like wedding marches. However, most songs are just out there, for you to listen whenever you please. If you analyze when would be the best time to turn on the specific piece, it might give you a better feel for it. That way, you’ll know how to approach it in your essay.

Do you think this piece is hard to play? If so, why? Difficult songs are always more impressive, but challenging pieces aren’t always fast and they don’t necessarily have high-pitched vocals. The biggest hurdles are often the complex rhythm, changing intonations, and the bits where the musician is allowed to improvise.

Reading into music: Historical context

Whether you’re writing an essay about songs of modernity or about Bach, who basically founded music as we know it, you need context.

Who is the original author of this song and why did they write it? This might seem obvious, but that’s not always the case. For example, what we all know as “The Circus Song” is in fact called “Entry of the Gladiators, Op. 68.” Julius Fučík wrote that march in 19th century Austria to showcase the might of the army. As you can see, the meaning of some music can really change over time.
What was going on in the world when this musical piece appeared? It’s important to understand the agenda and the messages that the composer could include into their music. For example, Richard Wagner was antisemitic, which has made his music what many people call the German Nazi soundtrack. Such details are also essential for a good music essay.
Why do people like this music? You can start answering this question by looking at the fan base if you’re writing about a modern song or googling the opinions of critics if your essay is about a classical piece. It can be refreshing and enlightening to compare others’ opinions and impressions to yours.

You might find some of the tips above less useful than the other ones, but you’re sure to write a good music essay if you follow the ones that suit you. Good luck on your journey! I hope that this article has made you one step closer to discovering the true beauty and complexity of music.